Globalization and the Northern Territory Intervention

Globalization, a contested concept among leading theorists in its definition, chronology, and measurement of effects, is almost certainly of a multidimensional nature if such theorists’ perspectives are all taken equally into consideration. The broad phenomenon of globalization can therefore be scrutinised more closely by separation and analysis of individual dimensions, such as its political, economic, cultural and ecological dimensions. This approach, while allowing for a more focused examination of the causes and effects of globalization within a single dimension, serves to highlight the interconnectedness of each dimension. The following essay will expose the complex interconnection between the political, economic and cultural†¦show more content†¦The political dimension of globalization is evident in the harnessing of neoliberal ideology to enforce and justify sanctions upon Indigenous communities within the Northern Territory (Craig Porter, 2006; Scrimgeour, 20 07). Several of the more contested components of the Northern Territory Intervention were born of think-tank publications, which set this neoliberal agenda (Scrimgeour, 2007). Neoliberalism is fostered by a global network of think-tanks, which are underwritten by corporate sponsors and bring elitist ideals into the mainstream and popular opinion (Scrimgeour, 2007). Australia’s major think-tanks are the Institute for Public Affairs (IPA) and the Centre for Independent Studies (CIS), both of which receive major funding from mining companies (Scrimgeour, 2007). Such think-tanks, promoting neoliberal ideals of deregulation, liberalization, and privatisation of the market and public assets, as well as supporting the dismantling of the welfare state, have considerable influence on the ideology of the Government in forming policy (Scrimgeour, 2007). From 2000 to 2004, the IPA published 33 articles on Indigenous matters, most of which promoted the idea that previous Indigenous policies of land rights andShow MoreRelatedRussia And Russi Russian Intervention1616 Words   |  7 PagesRussian intervention in Ukraine With the current civil war in Ukraine unfolding and Russian involvement being well known, the average person would consider this a very simple situation of Russia flexing its might. While there is some truth for Russian involvement being exactly that, the reasoning for Russia’s foreign policy is a much more complex situation that cannot be summarized into one definitive reason. In fact there are a variety of factors that could be categorized into three groups knownRead MoreRussia s Intervention During The Ukrainian Crisis1673 Words   |  7 Pagessummarized into one definitive reason. 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In order to studyRead MoreHow The Medicalization Of Birth Has Legally Influenced A Woman s Right3330 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract This paper addresses the ways globalization and the medicalization of birth has legally influenced a woman’s right to â€Å"choose† her birthing practices. With the medicalization of birth in recent years, the Western ideology that a hospital birth is safer, and more â€Å"modern† has resulted in legal influences on the role of a woman’s â€Å"choice† in delivery. Three influences, including patriarchy, globalization and development, are examined to analyze how the medicalization of women’s reproductiveRead MoreHow The Medicalization Of Birth Has Legally Influenced A Woman s Right3330 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract This paper addresses the ways globalization and the medicalization of birth has legally influenced a woman’s right to â€Å"choose† her birthing practices. 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Learning Objectives 1. Explain the Motives for Holding...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Explain the motives for holding money and relate them to the interest rate that could be earned from holding alternative assets, such as bonds. 2. Draw a money demand curve and explain how changes in other variables may lead to shifts in the money demand curve. 3. Illustrate and explain the notion of equilibrium in the money market. 4. Use graphs to explain how changes in money demand or money supply are related to changes in the bond market, in interest rates, in aggregate demand, and in real GDP and the price level. In this section we will explore the link between money markets, bond markets, and interest rates. We first look at the demand for money. The demand curve for money is derived like any other†¦show more content†¦Selling a bond means converting it to money. Keynes referred to the speculative demand for money as the money held in response to concern that bond prices and the prices of other financial assets might change. Of course, money is money. One cannot sort through someone’s checking account and locate which funds are held for transactions and which funds are there because the owner of the account is worried about a drop in bond prices or is taking a precaution. We distinguish money held for different motives in order to understand how the quantity of money demanded will be affected by a key determinant of the demand for money: the interest rate. Interest Rates and the Demand for Money The quantity of money people hold to pay for transactions and to satisfy precautionary and speculative demand is likely to vary with the interest rates they can earn from alternative assets such as bonds. When interest rates rise relative to the rates that can be earned on money deposits, people hold less money. When interest rates fall, people hold more money. The logic of these conclusions about the money people hold and interest rates depends on the people’s motives for holding money. 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Criminal Justice and Technology Free Essays

Computer and telecommunications technologies in criminal justice system have developed at an extraordinary rate. Increased computing power, advances in data transmission and attractive and user-friendly graphic interfaces present law enforcement agencies with unprecedented capacity to collect, store, analyze and share data with stakeholders inside and outside of government. Technology in criminal justice field represents a tool to help local law enforcement achieve its broadened and increasingly complex mission. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Justice and Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now But whether this capability is fully realized, and at what pace, is not a foregone conclusion. Preliminary studies suggest that if its integration is not well managed, some aspects of technology may meet with resistance among officers and other staff, particularly when such technology is perceived as unfairly intrusive or technically cumbersome. Historically, technological innovation has served as the catalyst for dramatic changes in the organization of police work and has presented both opportunities and challenges to police and other criminal justice practitioners, according to Janet Chan, a social scientist who has studied how technology affects the way police do their jobs. Noting that information is the stocking- trade of policing, Chan has identified three general imperatives driving law enforcement’s investment in information technology: 1. A Technology-driven imperative to improve effectiveness and efficiency by increasing the capacity to store and process large volumes of data; Improving intelligence and investigative capabilities; and providing ready access to criminal records and other kinds of relevant data. 2. An Information-driven imperative to satisfy increasing demands to share data with external entities, including other government agencies, the public and other outside entities such as insurance companies and other businesses; and 3. A Policy-driven imperative to meet the requirements of new forms of police management and accountability, in terms of probity, cost effectiveness, and procedural regularity, including systems designed to provide early warning for police use of force complaints. Under this new order, police are being scrutinized internally by management systems, surveillance technologies, internal audits and investigations and externally by watchdog agencies, public complaint systems and central auditors. As Chan notes, information technology provides a tool not only for policing citizens, but also for policing the police. Important technologies in the Criminal Justice System DNA- The past decade has seen great advances in a powerful criminal justice tool: deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. This one can be used to identify criminals with incredible accuracy when biological evidence exists. By the same token, DNA can be used to clear suspects and exonerate persons mistakenly accused or convicted of crimes. In all, DNA technology is increasingly vital to ensuring accuracy and fairness in the criminal justice system. DNA is generally used to solve crimes in one of two ways. In cases where a suspect is identified, a sample of that person’s DNA can be compared to evidence from the crime scene. The results of this comparison may help establish whether the suspect committed the crime. In cases where a suspect has not yet been identified, biological evidence from the crime scene can be analyzed and compared to offender profiles in DNA databases to help identify the perpetrator. Crime scene evidence can also be linked to other crime scenes through the use of DNA databases. DNA evidence is generally linked to DNA offender profiles through DNA databases. In the late 1980s, the federal government laid the groundwork for a system of national, state, and local DNA databases for the storage and exchange of DNA profiles. This system, called the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS), maintains DNA profiles obtained under the federal, state, and local systems in a set of databases that are available to law enforcement agencies across the country for law enforcement purposes. CODIS can compare crime scene evidence to a database of DNA profiles obtained from convicted offenders. CODIS can also link DNA evidence obtained from different crime scenes, thereby identifying serial criminals. In order to take advantage of the investigative potential of CODIS, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, states began passing laws requiring offenders convicted of certain offenses to provide DNA samples. Currently all 50 states and the federal government have laws requiring that DNA samples be collected from some categories of offenders. Fingerprints- offer an infallible means of personal identification. That is the essential explanation for their having supplanted other methods of establishing the identities of criminals reluctant to admit previous arrests. The science of fingerprint Identification stands out among all other forensic sciences for many reasons, including the following: * Has served all governments worldwide during the past 100 years to provide accurate identification of criminals. No two fingerprints have ever been found alike in many billions of human and automated computer comparisons. Fingerprints are the very basis for criminal history foundation at every police agency on earth. * Established the first forensic professional organization, the International Association for Identification (IAI), in 1915. * Established the first professional certification program for forensic scientists, the IAI’s Certified Latent Print Examiner program (in 1977), issuing certification to those meeting stringent criteria and revoking certification for serious errors such as erroneous identifications. * Remains the most commonly used forensic evidence worldwide – in most jurisdictions fingerprint examination cases match or outnumber all other forensic examination casework combined. * Continues to expand as the premier method for identifying persons, with tens of thousands of persons added to fingerprint repositories daily in America alone – far outdistancing similar databases in growth. * Worldwide, fingerprints harvested from crime â€Å"scenes lead to more suspects and generate more evidence in court than all other forensic techniques combined†. Other visible human characteristics change – fingerprints do not. How to cite Criminal Justice and Technology, Essay examples

Why Did Britain Get Involved in the Slave Trade free essay sample

Why did Britain get involved in the Slave Trade? The Renascence period was a time full of new music, extravagant architecture and fine art. All of these things causing an increasing demand for funds from the government. In the sasss the Portuguese started trading slaves for various things with the Americans. Britain found out about this trade whilst their pirates were raiding Spanish ships and found them abroad. John Hawkins made the first known British slavery voyage in 1 562; this started a huge trade that the British would carry on for over 300 years.The increasing demand for such things like sugar and cotton made this a simple solution to the problem and also made them a huge profit. In 1665 alone 3750 tones Of sugar were exported to the UK alone and this increased the value and need for slaves. As more people became involved the amount of voyages across the middle passage increased until 30,000 slaves were transported within around 5 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Did Britain Get Involved in the Slave Trade? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The slave trade is often described as the Triangular Trade as it involves three main countries, Britain, Africa and America.The Africans anted manufactured goods such as beads, cloth, hardware, rum, salt, and weapons so the British sailed over with plenty of this the trade with the kings for slaves. The African kings hired Africans to capture the slaves and bring them to the British; they would then be put in these ships and taken across to the Caribbean and traded for cotton, sugar, spices and tobacco amongst many other things. This trading system not only left the British with a huge profit but everyone involved, although the British never had slaves themselves, the benefited hugely from their involvement.

How does Shakespeare explore the themes of hate and love through the words of his characters in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

How does Shakespeare explore the themes of hate and love through the words of his characters in Romeo and Juliet? Essay Romeo and Juliet is a story of two warring families who despise each other. The Montague is the house of Romeos. The house of Juliets family is the Capulets the play rotates between passionate love scenes to ghastly bloody fight scenes. Also in the play, there are different types of love such as unrequited love, love at first sight, parental love, friendship love and love of family honour and name. In the essay, I will look at the language of love and hate in a variety of scenes. In act 1 scene, one Romeo is in love with Rosaline but she does not show love back to him, this is unrequited love. For example in that hit you miss: shell not be hit with cupids arrow. This illustrates the idea that he has expressed his love but has been rejected as though cupids arrow just deflected of her. He uses oxymorons, which means using impossible opposites such as love, and hate, which is used throughout the play. An example of an oxymoron is Heres much to do with hate, but more with love. This is a good example of an oxymoron because it illustrates what an oxymoron is and how it can be used. Moreover, Romeo sounds as though he is in love with the sensation of being in love, not actually being in love. For example, Heres much to do with hate, but more with love. Why then o brawling love, o loving hate. This suggests that he is not in love because he is not saying anything about Rosaline. Romeo is just confused because this is the first time he has been in love and does not know how to control his overwhelming emotions. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Shakespeare explore the themes of hate and love through the words of his characters in Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How does Shakespeare explore the themes of hate and love through the words of his characters in Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How does Shakespeare explore the themes of hate and love through the words of his characters in Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At the start of act 1 scene 5, we see Romeo talking about Juliet but not speaking to her. He describes her as a rich jewel and a torch that burns bright. This suggests that her very presence lightens up the roam. He also says Beauty too rich for use. This illustrates the idea that her beauty is too great for everybody to handle in everyday use. This makes Romeo completely forget about Rosaline. This justifies the point in paragraph 1 that the love that Romeo felt for Rosaline was artificial because he has totally forgot about Rosaline. Romeo then uses religious imagery. The key phrase, which shows this, is Ill watch her place of stand, and touching hers, make blessed my rude hand. This illustrates the idea that if you touch her hand all your sins will be washed away. Furthermore, it could mean she will bless because you have been touched by something so beautiful. When Romeo and Juliet speak for the first time, it is love at first sight. They kiss. For example Thus from my lips. This is illustrating that this is love at first sight because they become very passionate with each other even though they do not know a thing about each other. Romeo knows that it is a sin but he cannot resist. For example, Sin from my lips? O trespass sweetly urgd! Give me my sin again. This is implying that he does not want to stop being with Juliet. He wants his urge to trespass so he could carry on kissing Juliet. He even knows that it is not right because he keeps calling it a sin. Juliet he even knows that it is wrong and she should not be doing this but she is so much in love, the same as Romeo, she cannot resist, also the same as Romeo. Shakespeare very cleverly put there conversation into a form of a sonnet, which is a short poem with a set structure. The sonnet suggests their love is mutual. Act 2 scene 2 is probably the most important scene in the play because this is the scene, which Romeo ; Juliet declare their love and agree to marry the next day. First Romeo arrives but Juliet is not in the scene at this time. Romeo describes Juliet as the sun and light. For instance, he says, what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east and Juliet is the sun. Arise fair sun, and kill the envious moon. This illustrates the idea that Juliet is the sun which is bright and sweet and when she appears through the window she will kill the moon and everything will become light and beautiful, the same as she is. This could also be classified as light and dark imagery because it involves the brightness of the sun and the darkness of the moon. He also uses other light and dark imagery to describe Juliet such as Two of the fairest stars in all of heaven plus The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars. Shakespeare has to use light and dark imagery because all the plays would be performed during the day in an opened air theatre. The light and dark imagery helps the audience to believe it was night. Romeo is felling exited at the prospect of meeting Juliet again. We know this because he used a lot of question marks and explanation marks. For instance she speaks, yet she says nothing; what of that? Secondly see how she leans her cheek upon her hand! and finally That I might touch that cheek! All these explanation and question marks make the audience and readers feel as though there is a sense of jumpiness with in Romeo that wants to break free. Juliet however knows that it is wrong for them two to be seeing each other because of there names and wishes Romeo were not a Montague. For example, o Romeo deny thy father name and refuse thy name. This is showing, even though she is not talking to Romeo she wants him to change his birth name and refuse to be a Montague. She also said Or if thou wilt not, be sworn my love, and Ill no longer be a Capulet. This is implying that she is so much in love she will no longer be a Capulet if Romeo swears his love to her. This makes Juliet feel scared of what is going to happen in the future and happy at the same time because she will be with Romeo. In act 5 scene 3 Romeo is saying goodbye to Juliet for the final time at her burial tomb. He thinks she is dead but the audience the knows she is not and this makes them uneasy. He goes to the tomb to kill him self however, the audience and reader does not know this so it is a surprise to them when he kills himself. Before he goes into the tomb, Paris is there so he has to kill him. He does not want to kill him but Paris would not let him go inside to see Juliet. After he has killed Paris, he lays him next to Juliet. As he enters Juliets grave he straight away uses light imagery to describe her. For example, for here lies Juliet, and her beauty makes this a feasting presence full of light. This illustrates the idea that Juliets presence in the grave lightens up the grave. Secondly, Romeo talks about his love for his wife by saying O how may I call this a lightning? O my love, my wife, This is implying that he truly loves her because he is saying his love and his wife before that he called her Juliet. However, the most effective word here is light, ning because it means sprits and the dead. This is good in the play because the audience does not want Juliet to go and leave the play. Finally, Romeo uses gross imagery to where he says with worms that are thy chambermaids. The most effective words here are worms and chambermaids because it is saying that the worms will be her maids and she will always look beautiful because the worms will act as her maids. It addition it could imply that she is still so magnificent everything will treat her greatly. He finally kills himself by drinking poison but he makes it in memory of Juliet. Act 1 scene 1, the first scene of the play Shakespeare starts with an opening violent scene to indulge the audience and readers into the play. Tybalts language reveals that he is an aggressive character and has extreme motives. For instance what, art thou drawn among these heartless hinds? Turn thee, Benvolio, look upon thy death. This suggests that he gets angry quickly because he immediately wants a fight with Benvolio even though he wants peace, I do but keep the piece. Another explanation could be he just likes to fight. This gives the impression to the audience that he is a violent character. His motives could be seen as extreme. For instance what, drawn and talk of peace? I hate the word, as I hate hell, all Montagues and thee. This suggests that he is a horrible person because the Montagues want peace but he wants a fight. This makes him the bad person in the play, which the audience loves to hate. Later on in the scene lord, Capulet hears about the fight. He wants to grab his sword and join in the fight. For example, Give me my long sword. This emphasises the fact that he want to join in the fight so quickly because he calls for his sword straight away without thinking. He does not even consider how old he is. Shakespeare starts the play with a gruesome fight scene to distinguish the hate the two families have for each other. In act 1 scene 5, the ball scene in which the Montagues intrude. It is also the scene, which Capulet and Tybalt get in an argument. Tybalt gets angry quickly at Capulet because he recognizes Romeos voice at the party. He wants to start a fight with Romeo; the quotation that supports this is This, by his voice should be a Montague. Fetch me my rapier, boy. This illustrates the idea that he is so tuned in to the hatred he can spot a Montague with there voice. It also implies he wants a fight straight away the same as act 1 scene 1. He also calls Romeo a slave which is offensive because in Shakespearian time slaves were the lowest of the lowest. This is also love of family honour, which compensates for his hate to Montagues. Capulet however does not think it is a big problem because they are doing no harm. In those days, it was wrong to insult a guest. Tybalt shows aggression to Capulet for instance it fits when such a villain is a guest: Ill not endure him. This suggests Tybalt cannot stand him even though Romeo is doing nothing wrong. Capulet becomes angry with Tybalt because he is the head of the family and he expects to be listened to. The quotation that supports this is Am I the master here or you. Capulet finds it insulting to being listened to. At the very end of the scene, Tybalt says, I will withdraw, but this intrusion shall, now seeming sweet, convert to bittrest gall. Here he is implying he will calm down for the moment but he will to turn something sweet and innocent to something bad and bitter. Act 3 scene 1 is a fight scene. The fight between Tybalt and Mercutio comes about because they both are too proud of themselves and their personal honour in addition they do not want to show weakness to each other. For example, Benvolio sees the Capulets come towards them therefore he warns Mercutio but he does not care, By my heel, I care not. This shows that he will be protective over his honour. He wants to fight. Tybalt will not step down either because he likes a fight. They both are arrogant characters. Mercutio is the one who challenges the fight. When he says, Heres my fiddlestick, heres that shall make you dance. This is him being arrogant, he is over confident that he will win the fight. It could also be a simile because fiddlestick is a musical instrument but he is referring to his sword and dance is making move about because he is going to hit him. When Romeo enters, the audience feels tension because he has just come from the church where he got married to Juliet. Romeo wants the fight to stop because he is apart of Tybalt family as well as Mercutios. Romeo best describes this when he says to Tybalt the reason that I have to love thee doth much excuse the appertaining rage to such a greeting. This illustrates the idea that Romeo does not want to fight because he secretly knows that they are family now. However, Tybalt is so hooked on the hate he has for Romeo he just wants to fight. For example, boy, this shall not excuse the injuries that thou hast done me, therfor turn and draw. Here is insulting Romeo by calling him boy even though he is an adult. He is hoping by insulting him he will be able to get him to fight. Tybalt then hurts Mercutio. This could be the warning that Tybalt was giving at the party, that he will turn something sweet to something bitter. While Mercutio is hurt he uses gross imagery which is the quote A plague a both houses! This is gross imagery because a plague is disgusting so he is saying his wound is disgusting. It could also mean the continence of distraught and despair which has happened through and something that may continue. This makes the audience feel tension and lures them into the play even deeper. When Mercutio dies, Romeo is filled with rage towards Tybalt and sets of after him to kill him, which he does.

Heritage and Production of Archaeological Data The WritePass Journal

Heritage and Production of Archaeological Data WRITEPASS CUSTOM ESSAY WRITING EXAMPLE ESSAY Heritage and Production of Archaeological Data ; Gibbon, 2014; Jones, 2002). Case studies on heritage and production of archaeological data A case study that may be cited in this paper is the Lodenice project in central Bohemia in the early 1990s, which is also known for a Viereckschanze (rectangular enclosure) excavation. This project identified an Iron Age settlement and remnants of decorative arm rings dating from 2nd to first centuries BC. This project, which produced a Celtic carved rag stone head, used an analytical fieldwork survey and multivariate mathematical analysis, combined with geographical information system (GIS) (Hicks et al., 2007). This example demonstrates the extent to which the production of archaeological data aims to be as objective as possible, for the archaeologies may simply assume the nature of data collected, but lack of definite measurements and other objective applications would place the whole investigation into mere assumptions. Another case that may be cited is the Bylany Project in Norway (1990s). Grants were used to finance archaeological research, enabling the excavation of Neolithic circular enclosures of Bylanys complex. The integration of National Heritage Institute with rescue excavation administration has been a pending situation, which can negatively impact long-term archeological research in the Kutna Hora region. This archeological research is currently on systematic monitoring (Biehl and Prescott, 2013). The production of archaeological data informs of their use for future research and knowledge production as well as their objective and systematic production, reinforcing the idea that these data are always objective. Moreover in England, a data standard for the Sites and Monuments Records (SMRs) was established in the 1990s, facilitated by what is now known as the English Heritage’s National Monument Record. This data standard acknowledged the importance of records, including the activities of people involved in studying the resource, the sources of such information, and information on the process of managing the resource. This is to enable the successful management of the archaeological and historic environment within which archaeological data are derived (Barrett, Dingwall, Gaffney, et al., 2007). This manner of record-keeping for the production of archaeological data reveals the importance of objectivity. Worthy of discussion is the Tsodillo rock art in Botswana, which was the focus of intensive survey programme and recording by the Botswana National Museum during the late 20th century. The rock art holds the archaeological evidence that human settlement once existed in the landscape (Hicks et al., 2007). The recording and survey carried out by the Museum indicate the pursuit for objectivity in the investigation of the Tsodillo landscape. These case studies discuss what heritage demonstrates about the production of archaeological data being systematically acquired and processed, and thus entail the collaboration of specific government organisations in charge of heritage and archaeological data management. Thus, despite the perceived artistry of heritage, it is largely governed by some objectivity and system-specific characteristics in the production of archaeological data. Conclusion This critical analysis essay has discussed what heritage demonstrates about the production of archaeological data. It has focused on whether the production of archaeological data is always objective, illustrating the answer through cases studies. This brief claims that such production is indeed always objective, as reinforced by the extant literature denoting such objectivity and systematic stances. These data must necessarily be consistent in order for them to be of viable use in the future; hence, subjectivity has no room in their production. Moreover, archaeological data are material, enabling them to become inherently knowable and controllable and are thus definable, discoverable, recordable, manageable, and conservable. Case studies are provided, aiming to serve as evidence for the objectivity of the production of archaeological data. References Barrett, G., Dingwall, L., Gaffney, V., Fitch, S., Huckerby, C., and Maguire, T. (2007) Heritage Management at Ford Hood, Texas: Experiments in Historic Landscape Characterisation. England: Archaeopress. Biehl, P. F. and Prescott, C. (2013) Heritage in the Context of Globalization: Europe and the Americas. NY: Springer. Binfold, L. R. (2009) Debating Archaeology: Updated Edition. CA: Left Coast Press, Inc. Cobb, H., Harris, O. J. T., Jones, C., and Richardson, P. (2012) Reconsidering Archaeological Fieldwork: Exploring On-Site Relationships Between Theory and Practice. NY: Springer. Ferrari, A. (2010) The 8th Framework Programme of the European Commission and the Safeguard of Cultural Heritage: The EACH Project.   Italy: CNR, Institute of Chemical Methodologies. Gibbon, G. (2014) Critically Reading the Theory and Methods of Archaeology: An Introductory Guide. Maryland: AltaMira Press. Habu, J., Fawcett, C., and Matsunaga, J. M. (2008) Evaluating Multiple Narratives: Beyond Nationalist, Colonialist, Imperialist Archaeologies. NY: Springer. Hicks, D., McAtackney, L., and Fairclough, J. (2007) Envisioning Landscape: Situations and Standpoints in Archaeology and Heritage. CA: Left Coast Press, Inc. Hodder, I. (2004) Theory and Practice in Archaeology. NY: Routledge. Jones, A. (2002) Archaeological Theory and Scientific Practice. UK: Cambridge University Press. Robertson, E. C., Seibert, J. D., Fernandez, D. C., and Zender, M. U. (2006) Space and Spatial Analysis in Archaeology. Alberta: University of Calgary Press. Smith, L. (2004) Archaeological Theory and the Politics of Cultural Heritage. London: Routledge. Waterton, E. and Smith, L. (2009) Heritage, Communities and Archaeology. London: Bloomsbury Academic.

Interpretation of accounts Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interpretation of accounts - Assignment Example It is a growth company that has been continually expanding organically, except for a few strategic cases that involved buying out existing retailers in the certain foreign markets. (Tesco website) In July 2009, the company has been under fire since the consumer watchdog, the Office of Fair Trading, claimed to have gathered new evidence that pointed towards Tesco’s involvement in fixing the prices of milk, butter and cheese. This investigation has begun four and a half years ago and the issue had slipped the public’s notice until recently when this development came about. (Ridder 2009) Unlike Tesco, J Sainsbury plc already owned that it was indeed an accomplice in the dairy price-fixing scheme that caused the public shoppers to be overcharged by  £270 million (Ridder 2009). Setting this unbecoming matter aside, Sainsbury has not ceased to focus on establishing its brand based on the goodwill that emanates from their consistency in providing â€Å"healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food.† Like Tesco, Sainsbury has managed to have a profitable year in spite of the adverse impact of the significantly lowered consumer confidence and average spending capacity in UK. As the country’s third largest grocery retailer, Sainsbury is currently not keen on expansion plans. It is, instead, set on further improving its operational efficiency to be able to report increasing profits even if the economy fails to improve this year and the next. Having been operating for the last 140 years, Sainsbury can rightfully claim to have an extensive client base that has been loya l not only to the company’s food stores but also to its subsidiary bank that offers savings and loans packages. (Sainsbury website) Based on above tabulation, Sainsbury’s operations turn out to be more manpower-intensive than Tesco’s. Sainsbury has in its employ an average of 123 people for each store, while Tesco has 109. Needless to say, the latter has the

Intenational finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intenational finance - Assignment Example management) is tasked to handle the resources of another (i.e, the investor). In financial undertakings, the existence of moral hazard comes in many forms, such as where management pays itself excessive compensation out of the funds it manages on behalf of its investor, or where it makes decisions to take on risks that the other has to bear. Where interests of management and investor are not aligned, then there is a potential for moral hazard. From its very definition, moral hazards are inevitable; the key is to keep them under reasonable control, which is the major objective of institutional design. The link between risk-taking and moral hazards runs according to this rationale: if I am faced with the option to take risks that may be potentially rewarding for us both, but you bear the burden of the risk, then I have the incentive to take them. However, if I were to bear the potential loss, then I will act more responsibly and cautiously (Dowd, 2009). The moral hazard lies in taking the risk for which another has to bear the consequence. The recent subprime crisis was replete with instances of moral hazards gone uncontrolled. One was the creation of mortgages to subprime borrowers who had little or no capacity to repay the loan (Brummer, 2008), and then selling this loan to Fannie Mae (the Federal National Mortgage Association) which then securitizes the risk and sells it out as mortgage backed securities (MBS).

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Business - Essay Example e symptoms that Mendez is experiencing: tight financial position, increasing expenses, high employee turnover, and requests to increase salary are all manifestations of a deeper problem: the lack of appropriate promotions and advertising strategies for his chain of dry cleaner stores. There was no mention of any efforts placed by Mendez on promotions, which is one of the 4Ps in marketing. 1. Status Quo. Mendez could do nothing and wait for hell to break lose. By doing nothing the following advantages would be derived: no additional costs to be incurred. However, the disadvantages are: continued losses, high employee turnover, possibility of closing more stores, demotivated employees, and high overhead costs. 2. Promote the Chain of Dry Cleaner Stores. This option could still be subdivided into two categories: (1) traditional and conservative promotion and advertisement in mediums which would cater to the local community; or (2) invest on technological improvements such as going web-based in promoting and advertising their services. Traditional or Conservative Promotional Efforts would entail lesser costs since the promotional activities and advertising efforts would be tailored to the local community only. Mendez could initially run promotion through giving discounts for bulk laundry and giving coupons for frequent customers. He can also advertise in local radio, newspapers or magazines of the services they offer and the promotional campaign being instigated. This option could initially be implemented by Mendez coupled with developing training and maintenance of employees. In doing so, employees would feel more secure and would have something to look forward to in terms of development of skills and future prospects. Investing in Web-based Technology is an attractive option if Mendez financial position can support and sustain the growth. It would promote his services on a wider scale and thereby increase clientele and market share. However, this alternative is

Effect of Diluted Thyroxine on Highland Amphibians

Effect of Diluted Thyroxine on Highland Amphibians 1.1. Replication of an experiment on extremely diluted thyroxine and highland amphibians (Study 1) A key issue in science is the reproducibility of experiements. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the initial experiment using diluted thyroxine and highland amphibians was reproducible. One particular experiment was reported as being reproducible by the initial researchers as well as independent researchers. This experiment tested fouty-eight hourly applications of Thyroxine 30X against Water 30X on the development of highland amphibians. Treatment commenced from the two-legged stage on. Parameters measured were the number of frogs that reached the 4-legged stage and the number that reached the tail-reduction stage. The initial study published results in 1990, the study was replicated and the results published in 2000 and after reanalysing the results, published again in 2010. All 3 studies reported that metamorphosis occurred more slowly in those treated with Thyroxine 30X compared to Water 30X. The author replicated the study again, reanalysed and combined the results of the initial team and the independent researchers with his own results. The methods as set out by the initial study were followed as closely as possible. 8 basins were randomly divided between each group, giving each group 4 basins, each with 20 frogs, totalling 80 frogs per group. A handling error caused cross-contamination of two basins which were subsequently excluded from the study. Therefore 60 frogs across 3 basins per group were considered. The Thyroxine 30X frogs showed a clear trend of delayed metamorphosis into the 4-legged stage as well as for the tail-reduction stage. However, due to the small sample size, the results were not statistically significant. The author’s conclusion was that the results of his own replication experiment, though not statistically significant, were in line with those of the initial study, as well the other independent researchers. 1.2. The effect of homoeopathically prepared thyroxine on highland frogs: influence of electromagnetic fields (Study 2) One of the principles of homoeopathy, the law of similars, can be demonstrated by hyper-stimulating frogs by immersing them in a thyroxine solution (10à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ¸ parts by weight, unsuccussed) and then inducing the reverse reaction by subjecting them to a homoeopathically prepared solution (10à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ³) of thyroxine. The study used the amphibian model to investigate the effects of various electromagnetic fields on homoeopathically prepared thyroxine solution. A microwave, mobile phone, x-ray luggage inspection device and a red light barcode scanner were used. A replication of the basic experiment conducted previously was used as a control group. All experiments were performed blind. The starting point was defined as the point at which the 2-legged stage begins. The experiment continued until the 4-legged stage. 149 basins were used, each containing 20 frogs. From this, 21 groups were formed according to treatment. 6 different experiments were performed. In each experiment one group (100-200 frogs) were treated with the control substance and the other group (100-200 frogs) were treated with standard test solution. This part of the study serves as a pilot study to the influence of environmental factors on homoeopathic preparations. With each experiment, the control group was compared to the standard test solution as well as to test solutions exposed to the various electromagnetic fields. In total, 860 frogs were treated with homoeopathically prepared thyroxine and 860 frogs were treated with standard control solution. In addition, 1160 frogs were treated with the various solutions exposed to electromagnetic fields. The findings suggest that homoeopathically prepared thyroxine 30D has an inhibitory effect on the metamorphosis of frogs while this effect is blocked when exposed to the microwave oven or the mobile phone. This is in agreement with the assumptions of manufacturers of homoeopathic preparations. Noted/Noticeable Flaws Study 1: Methods as set out by the original researcher were followed as closely as possible to replicate the study, however, there was a slight deviation in that the amphibians were stored at dimmed daylight at a temperature of eight degrees Celsius for a period of three days to prevent the tadpoles from developing beyond the designated starting stage before the experiment scheduled to start. This may have delayed the onset of the two-legged stage and in turn may have affected the sensitivity of the larvae to the thyroxine 30X. Even thought they have produced interesting findings, the highland amphibian Rana temporaria is not easily available for further research. This particular species is not available from breeders, permits need to be obtained and then collected from the field. Proffesional expertise and experience is required for collection, transportation and handling. The numbers in each study are too small to be statistically significant until they are pooled together. Even though the study was replicated as closely as possible, individual factors may have influenced the findings and so pooling the results may not be as accurate as expected. Study 2: Using water solutions exposed to electromagnetic fields could serve as an additional control group. The natural environment of the amphibian should try and be mimicked as far as possible. It may be hypothesised that the increase in temperature in a laboratory environment compared to that of the natural biotope may be the stimulus that make the highland amphibian sensitive to the homoeopathically prepared thyroxine. In both studies, the results are statistically significant only when the results are pooled together and an adequate number of animals are included. Special efforts should be made to increase the size of homoeopathic studies in general to make the results more reliable and credible. More Valid and Credible Findings Ideally the natural habitat of the amphibians should be mimicked as far as possible to avoid influencing developmental stages. Future experiments should be conducted on a species that is more readily available. An expert on amphibians should be employed to supervise the study and offer advice on the handling and management of the animals. Given that the study was reproducible on numerous occasions, I think the findings are valid and credible. Thyroxine 30X, a dilution beyond avogardo’s number, produced a clear trend by slowing down metamorphosis. Contribution Towards Evidence Based Homoeopathy These studies do contribute towards evidence based homoeopathy. They are scientific, quantitative designs and are confirmatory of the law of similars. Thyroxine is stimulatory in crude form when exposed to an amphibian. Without thyroxine, amphibians would not undergo metamorphosis from tadpole to juvenile frog. Thyroxine in homoeopathic preparation had an inhibitory effect and was confirmed on numerous occasions by reproducing the same experiments by independent researchers.

Heroism in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Beowulf Essays -- Heroe

Heroism in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Beowulf A hero, according to Webster’s New World Dictionary, is someone who commits an act of remarkable bravery or who has shown great courage, strength of character, or another admirable quality. He is looked up to for the brave and noble things he has done. Though Beowulf and Sir Gawain are both considered heroes they each have many different qualities. For Beowulf his reputation as a hero depends on the opinion of others within his society, for Gawain Christianity determines his bravado. In order to understand how they are both considered a hero in their society we must look at the many differences their respective societies possess. One major difference between the society that Beowulf lived in and the one Sir Gawain lived in is their views on religion. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the world described is one of order, where Christianity plays an important role. Sir Gawain fits perfectly into this world as a Knight who is brave not because he naturally possesses this bravery, but because he puts his faith in...